Monday, December 23, 2019

The Honeybee in Agriculture - 1054 Words

Since 1992, the honeybee has been Oklahoma’s state insect, largely because honeybees carry out a significant task in agriculture. The honeybee and its contributions to the world dates back thousands of years ago and continues to be by far one of the most extraordinary animals ever. Honeybees are being used in research to detect drugs, bombs and cancer. Also in developing treatments for an array of infirmities in humans, but this is just a few among many things that honeybees have contributed to the human world. Honeybees and the products they emit have many diverse uses in cultures around the world. But above all the amazing and important things, plant pollination is by far the most essential to humans. Honeybees are responsible for 80%†¦show more content†¦All three caste members go through four stages of development; egg, larva, pupa and adult. The queen lays eggs in worker and drone cells; fertilized eggs in can develop into workers or queens and unfertilized eggs develop into drones. While in the larva stage a honeybee is fed royal jelly, after third day the larva is fed beebread a mixture of honey and pollen. Nine days after hatching the larva is fully grown and stops feeding, this is when a cocoon is spun around the larva. During this time the adult body structures are formed. Once it has transformed into an adult, it is ready to emerge. A queen can live up to 5 years sometimes longer and only mates once in her lifetime. She is created at the decision of worker bees by feeding the larva only royal honey. On the sixteenth day from the time the egg was laid the new virgin queen will tear back the cap from her cell and emerge with her tongue stuck out begging for food. Soon after she has been fed by workers she will crawl out of the cell to dry. When the virgin queen has completely dried and gathered her strength she will make a shrill noise and wait for a response from other potential queens who hasn’t emerged from their cells. Once t he virgin queen has received response from the others she will then seek them out, tear back the cap from their cell and eliminateShow MoreRelatedForest Conservation Research Paper1116 Words   |  5 PagesConservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a program administered by the Farm Service Agency (FSA) under the United States Department of Agriculture. The United States Department of Agriculture was created by President Abraham Lincoln, the U.S.D.A was originally created to do research. The Hatch Act further expanded the powers and funding of the U.S.D.A.. According to Free Agriculture Restore Markets (2017) â€Å"today the USDA governs the way millions of Americans are fed daily, controls what food is availableRead MoreThe Effects Of Colony Collapse Disorder ( Ccd ) And Other Factors That Are Causing The Bee Population978 Words   |  4 Pageshoneybees so important to us? i. It is estimated that one in three bites of food was pollinated by a honeybee. ii. We won’t starve without honeybees. 1. Most staple foods (wheat, rice, and corn) aren’t pollinated by animals. 2. Apples, avocados, onions, and berries are pollinated by animals and without bees their price would go up and they would become rarer. 3. Almonds would go extinct without honeybee pollination. iii. â€Å"If all pollinators went extinct, we probably wouldn’t starve, but we’d all haveRead MoreA Brief Note On Pesticides And The Environmental Protection Agency s Ecotoxicity Classification System1091 Words   |  5 Pagesnicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The honeybee has been seen as the model insect that have been used to look more closely at the effects of many different anthropogenic and environmental stressors. This is because the honeybee is simple to look at, it is well studied and also it helps in essential pollination. However, in the last decade there have been many annual mortalities mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. This has led to a decline in the honeybee population and has also had negative effectsRead MoreThe Colonization Of The Colony Collapse Disorder1036 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: The Colony Collapse Disorder is a strange occurrence in which worker bees from different honeybee colonies just disappear. Honeybees, which are a crucial part of the U.S. agriculture, have been under some drastic stress from the mysterious Colony Collapse Disorder, which is a syndrome defined as a dead colony with no adult bees or dead bee bodies but with a live queen, honey and juvenile bees still present in the hive. A scientific cause for the Colony Collapse Disorder has yet toRead MoreThe Death Of Bees915 Words   |  4 Pagesbeekeepers have been noticing their honeybee populations have been dying off at an increasingly rapid rate. Joachim Hagopian, the author of â€Å"Death and Extinction of the Bees,† makes similar statements as the author Darryl Fears has made. Honeybee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) as this loss of bee phenomenon has been called is currently recognized as such an urgent crisis that a month ago (February 2014) Newsweek ran an article outlining the U.S . Department of Agriculture (USDA) announcement that it willRead MoreHoney Bees And Its Effect On The Agricultural Industry1465 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States during the 1990s created additional stress on the honey bee population. These various mites attack both adult bees and the developing honey bee larvae and can transmit viruses. Since honey bees are a critical link within United States agriculture, their disappearance has been very detrimental to the agricultural industry, for many flowering plants need pollinators to produce fruits, vegetables, and nuts. The total honey bee pollination is responsible for more than $15 billion in increasedRead MoreThe Use Of Pesticides, Global Warming And Climate Change972 Words   |  4 Pagesprotect the honeybee. As they pollinate around $40 billion in produce each year, there has been increased attention by the scientific community to aid in the large amount of population decline. Research has mainly focused primarily on honeybees, the most common pollinator in the U.S, but they are not the only ones at risk. Increased use of pesticides, global warming and climate change, two types of deadly mites are some of the many factors that lead to the increased decline in honeybee populationsRead MoreSave Our Honey Bees : America s Bees1738 Words   |  7 Pagessuffer. The numb er of hives had been at 6 million during World War 2, and then decreased to 2.6 million in 2006, then fell below 2 million for the first time in memory (Jacobsen). From the very start honey bees have been an important factor in our agriculture. They serve as a nutrition source for flowers in order for the flowers to grow and make the crops that are needed. Honey bees had originally originated in Africa and when they came into higher northern latitudes they became to evolve into largeRead MoreThe Decline of Honeybees: Implications, Causes, and Responses3264 Words   |  14 Pagespollinate our own food source, a service that is worth billions of dollars a year. Unfortunately, the honeybee population is in a severe and prolonged decline, often in the form of colony collapse disorder, in which entire colonies are seemingly abandoned by adult bees overnight. Honeybees are an indispensable component of modern agriculture, and a failure to discern and address the many causes of honeybee p opulation decline – both manmade and natural – could have disastrous consequences for the environmentRead MoreThe Honey Bee as a Significant task in Agriculture Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesSince 1992, the honey bee has been Oklahoma’s state insect, largely because honey bees convey such a significant task in agriculture. The honey bee and its contributions to our world dates back thousands of years and continues to be by far one of the most extraordinary creatures ever. Honey bees and the products they emit have many diverse uses in cultures around the world. Today honey bees are being used in research to detect drugs, bombs and cancer. Also, in developing treatments for an array of

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Reactions to Imperialism in Asia Free Essays

Japan’s attitude toward foreign domination changed drastically over the years. Since the early 1 sass, during the reign of the Outage dynasty, the shogun made every effort possible to enforce a rigid Isolation policy. He closed all ports except for one to foreigners. We will write a custom essay sample on Reactions to Imperialism in Asia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Anyone who left the country or allowed foreigners in were sentenced to death. However, by the mid-asses,Japan began to reconsider their seclusion from the rest of the world. In 1850, Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Japan, accompanied by a small naval squadron of American merchants and diplomats. He wanted to work out a read agreement with the shogun. When he refused to accept Perry’s terms the commodore left, only to return a year later with a much larger, highly Intimidating fleet of steamships. He gave the shogun two options: either the shogun could open up Japan to diplomatic and trade relations with the united States or Perry would attack. Knowing that they did not have the resources, technology, or military might to defend themselves against such an attack, they reluctantly agreed to accept the terms of the Treaty of Gangway. The treaty ultimately ended Japan’s Isolation foreign policy. It opened up the entry to Western Influence and forced the Outage government Into accepting trade agreements that were not in their favor. The noblemen in Japan observed the shogun’s inability to stand up to the West and that, combined with the unequal terms of the treaty, fueled a civil war. The noblemen believed they needed a more powerful government that would not allow Japan to be bullied by the West. In 1868, the dainty put aside their differences and came together to overthrow the Outage shogun and reestablished the Melee government. The Mel]l took an entirely different approach to Western domination. They were eager to modernize and they did so rapidly. Japanese officials traveled to the West to study their methods of industrialization, as well as their health, financial, and education systems. They set up a modern bank modeled after those in the United States and installed telegraph lines, as well as thousands of miles of railroad tracks. They also built up a military strong enough to rival those of the West. Their rapid and successful Industrialization made Japan power hungry and they began to set their sights on foreign lands that they could use for raw materials and a place to set up new markets. Thus began Japanese imperialism. As Japan’s population increased, so did their need for raw materials and land. Their solution was found in Korea, who was currently under attack by China. Japan helped Korea win victory in the Sino-Japanese war, which allowed them to dominate Korea and forced China to cede Taiwan. This gave Japan access to the resources they desired and a place to sell their manufactured goods. Their success In the war fueled their appetite for more land and materials, so in 1904 they went to war with Russia. They came out victorious, gaining territory in the south of the Sailing Island and southern Manchuria, and the Loading Peninsula. Their success in these wars only further increased their desire for Japanese domination and they began to set their sights on the rest of Southeast Asia. These events showed the rest of the world just how much Japan’s response to foreign domination underwent perhaps the most drastic change than any other nation. It went from being completely cut off from the rest of the world, intolerable of foreign influence, and uninterested in Western technology to becoming a great imperialistic power in Just half a century. They would remain one of the major powers in the world until their defeat in World War II. How to cite Reactions to Imperialism in Asia, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Indian lit. in english Untouchable Essay Example For Students

Indian lit. in english Untouchable Essay Indian lit. in english paper The Untouchable by Mulk Raj AnandMulk Raj Anand, one of the most highly regarded Indian novelists writing in English, was born in Peshawar in 1905. He was educated at the universities of Lahore, London and Cambridge, and lived in England for many years, finally settling in a village in Western India after the war. His main concern has always been for the creatures in the lower depths of Indian society who once were men and women: the rejected, who has no way to articulate their anguish against the oppressors. His novels works have been translated into several world languages. Untouchable (1935)Coolie (1936)Two Leaves and a Bud (1937)The Village (1939)Across the Black Waters (1940)The Sword and the Sickle (1942)Private Life of an Indian Prince (1953)The Indelible Problem: Mulk Raj Anand and the Plight of UntouchabilityAndrew M. Stracuzzi The University of Western OntarioMulk Raj Anand, speaking about the real test of the novelist, once said:It may lie in the transformation of words into prophesy. Because, what is writer if he is not the fiery voice of the people, who, through his own torments, urges and exaltations, by realizing the pains, frustrations and aspirations of others, and by cultivating his incipient powers of expression, transmutes in art all feeling, all thought, all experience thus becoming the seer of a new vision in any given situation. (qtd. in Dhawn, 14)There is no question that Mulk Raj Anand has fashioned with Untouchable a novel that articulates the abuses of an exploited class through sheer sympathy in the traditionalist manner of th e realist novel He is, indeed, the fiery voice of those people who form the Untouchable caste. Yet if the goal of the writer, as Anand himself states, is to transform words into prophecy, then the readers struggle for meaning in the closing scenes of the novel become problematic and contestatory. It is reasonable to assume and as I would argue, it is implied that Anand has ventured to address a specific question with writing Untouchable; this is, how to alleviate the exploitation of the untouchable class in India? He then proceeds to address this question through the dramatization of Bahka, the novels central character. Having said this and taking into account Anands notion of the novel as prophesy I will argue that the author has failed to fully answer the question he has set before him. In fact, by posing such a question, the possibility of an altruistic solution becomes blurred. Furthermore, the three prophecies or solutions posited by the novel the rhetoric of the Christian Missionary, Mahatma Gandhi, and the poet Iqbal Nath Sarshar fail to present a prescription for freedom accessible to the untouchable community. In order to articulate the meaning of the last section of Untouchable fully, it is important to analyze the construction of Bahka, the protagonist, since his own distinct and honest, though often confusing, gaze objectifies his society. The last passage in the novel is an appropriate place to begin: he began to move. His virtues lay in his close-knit sinews and in his long breath sense. He was thinking of everything he had heard though he could not understand it all. He was calm as he walked along, though the conflict in his soul was not over, though he was torn between his enthusiasm for Gandhi and the difficulties in his own awkward naOve self(Untouchable). Anand chooses to close the final scene of his novel by appropriating the inner conflict of Bakha and juxtaposing enthusiasm with naivete. There seems to be an inherent, even subtle, irony in describing Bahka in this manner. On one hand, it carries a strong sense of hope, of self-awareness, of self-appropriation of the individual within the greater scheme of Hindu society There is a strong indication that what Bahka has endured throughout his days journey has had an enormous effect on the way he appropriates himself within his own culture The novel thus ends on a somewhat positive note, with the image of Bahka going home and telling actually vocalizing his story in the hopes that some sort of resolution, or at the very least, some emergence of understanding will occur. Conversely, though, Anand chooses to show him as naive. This is, perhaps, where the inherent problem lies within the text, the construction of Bahka himself. Though Bakha is a young protagonist (or perhaps, anti-protagonist), he is far from being an innocent child. Yet he is constructed with such a damming perception of innocence an uneducated victim of his communitys frustration that he does not fit into the confines of a traditional hero. This is primarily because for him there is no solid gratification or inner resolution gained by the obstacles he is faced with during his day. Furthermore, as E.M. Forester point outs in the novels preface, the reader has every indication that the next day, and the day after that, will be identical to the first. If anything, then, his only heroism lies in his ability to survive the actual days events; but that too is circumstantial. His survival does not rely so much on his inner strength as an individual, but rather it is dependent on the actio n of the others that surround him, namely those individuals of higher caste standing. It is a character like Charat Singh, for example, that determines his survival depending on the degree of pity he is willing to dispense at any particular moment. Anand creates a character in search of his own identity within the very structure that has eliminated the possibility of him having one. The conflict within Bakha is demonstrated repeatedly throughout the text, yet it is in the opening pages of the novel that the reader identifies with Bakhas search for an identity. Bakha clearly has trouble accepting the identity allotted to him at birth. He has a desire to be like the Tommies he sees throughout his village. The narrator tell us that the Tommies had treated him as a human being and he had learnt to think of himself as superior to his fellow-outcasts (9). He attempts to adopt the fashun of the Tommies, becoming possessed with an overwhelming desire to live their life (11). He naively assu mes that the mere adoption of the outward sings of a Sahib will garner him respect. He proceeds through his day wearing the trousers of one of the Tommies, but this assertion of identity fails to produce the desired result. Instead, Bakha looks silly a mere amusement for others to caste their petty jokes and insults. C.D. Narasimhaiahs The Swan and the Eagle maintains that Bakha is desperately trying to escape the connotations the title of the novel asserts over his identity. Bakhas desire to imitate the Tommies is important because he can preserve his identity only to the extent that he can be conscious of his superiority(112). However, Anand quickly dispels Bakhas consciousness of superiority when Bakha comes to the realization that except for the English clothing there was nothing English in his life(12). Narasimhaiah further articulates that in the numerous episodes which he puts his character through, the novelist tries to give him his identity in the very act of our witnessin g the world deny it to him or to those around us(113). Purchasing A Small Business EssayThe representations of both Gandhi and the poet proves also confusing alternatives for Bakha. On the one hand, Gandhi articulates that the plight of untouchability is both a moral and religious issue. He regards untouchability as the greatest blot on Hinduism(146) and asserts that it is satanic to assume anyone in Hinduism is born polluted. Gandhi then recounts the story of a Brahmin boy and a sweeper in his ashram and attempts to show understanding for the sweeper; he feels that if the Brahmin wanted the ashram sweeper to do his work well he must do it himself and set an example(148). Yet this action, while appearing to be sympathetic and understanding, only undermines the very existence of an untouchable because it assumes that the untouchable is incapable of doing such menial work well. Further, it implies and confirms an existing hierarchy of power between the untouchable and other high-caste Hindus because it suggests that they must be taught t o be untouchables, which only perpetuates the cycle of oppression. Gandhi then proceeds to criticize the Untouchables by saying that they have to cultivate habits of cleanliness, that they must get rid of their evil habits such as drinking liquor, gambling and eating carrion. They must, as Gandhi says, cease to accept leavings form the plates of high-caste Hindus, however clean they may be represented to be(148). In essence, he advocates emancipation by purification. Yet there is an inherent dichotomy in Gandhis rhetoric because the existing system does not allow for the untouchables to become purified primarily because their fundamental existence is rooted in the profession of filth. It is as Bakha says to his father, they think we are mere dirt because we clean their dirt(79). Anand, although an avid follower of Gandhi, has Bakha question the Mahatmas speech: but now, now the Mahatma is blaming us. That is not fair! He wanted to forget the last passages that he had heard(148). Th is suggests, perhaps, that Anands view of Gandhi and his political rhetoric cannot be idealized because it too contains elements of oppression. Anand then proceeds to offer his last possible solution to the alleviation of untouchability. Through the poet Iqbal Nath Sarshar, Anand takes the chance to expressing his own Marxist inclinations: well, we must destroy caste, we must destroy the inequalities of birth and unalterable vocations. We must recognize an inequality of rights, privileges and opportunities for everyone (155). He advocates that a change in profession will free the Untouchables and the way to achieve this change is through the implementation of a flush system. William Walsh believes that this last option is most favored by Anand, but admits the obvious complexities in describing the change in this way: He (Anand) is a committed artist, and what he is committed to is indicated by Bakhas mockery in Untouchable: greater efficiency, dictatorship of the sweepers, Marxian m aterialism and all that. Yes, yes, is the reply, all that, but no catch-words and cheap phrases, the change will be organic and not mechanicalHow clearly this kind of thing confirms Anands deficiencies as a thinker and the capacity of his Marxist enthusiasms to glide gaily across the most deeply entrenched differences. This, together with his furious indignation, unself-critical ideology and habit of undue explicitness, make him a writer whose work has to be severely sieved Indian Literature in English, 61. Walsh, here, pinpoints effectively the inherent dangers of relying solely on a Marxist approach to the resolution of untouchabilty. Clearly social rebellion is a viable option, but the closest Anand comes to articulating a traditional Marxist revolution in India is masked, even distorted, in the figure of the poet. Here, Anand only skims the surface of its possibilities; introducing the concept in the very last pages of his novel only weakens the poets arguments because neither the main protagonist nor the reader has enough time to fully conceptualize its implications. Perhaps I have shown an undue harshness in criticizing Anand? However, my purpose here is not to diminish his talent as a writer, for he is, in fact, an amazingly articulate, though-provoking novelist with considerable power. The difficulties of alleviating the stigma of untouchabilty are far too complex for one man alone to tackle, and his novel does serve as a catalyst for change. Nevertheless, as a critical response to the novels implications, I must argue that Anand has failed to convincingly advocate the ending of untouchablity through the choices presented to the protagonist Bakha. His failure in achieving this goal lies not so much in any form of ineptness of his three solutions they are clearly alternatives however, the fault lies in the implied assumption of these choices. All three choices remove the ability of an oppressed and exploited minority to free himself from his own oppression. Clearly Bakha is a rebellious individual within, yet the stifling of this rebellious nature only further asserts the inability of untouchables to free themselves; this is in effect the classical post-colonial conundrum. This challenge is brilliantly captured as previously noted by E.H. McCormick in response to what he believes is the post-colonial condition, and which I have adopted here to epitomize the dilemma of the untouchables by Matthew Arnold in Stanzas from the Grand Chartreuse:Wandering between two worlds, one dead, The other powerless to be born,With nowhere to rest my head,Like these, on earth I wait forlorn (85-90). What else is Bakha but this wandering figure amongst the flowing flux of oppression? He is clearly disenchanted by the confines that the class-system has imposed on him and attempts to appropriate himself amongst the ruling English-class. This produces, in effect, a state of double alienation. As a result, he is both rejected from his own culture, and repelled by the other. Bakha, therefore, exists on the periphery of both worlds. But as Fo rster suggests and what I believe Anand seems to conclude is that on the surface of the earth if not in the depths of the sky, a change is at hand(Untouchable, viii.). Works CitedAnand, Mulk Raj. Untouchable. London: Penguin, 1940. Dhawan, R.K., ed. The Novels of Mulk Raj Anand. New York: Prestige, 1992. . Saros Cowasjee. Anands Literary Creed. 13-18. . R.T. Roberston. Untouchable as an Archetypal Novel. 98-104. Narasimhaiah, C.D. The Swan and the Eagle. Delhi: Motilal, 1987. Walsh, William. Indian Literature in English. London: Longman, 1990.